My Memories Of My Childhood - 1427 Words

Personally, thinking about my childhood early on when I was in the beginning years of school is generally a painfully awkward thought until I stumble on the idea of soccer. I don’t think I’m the only person who believes that but regardless of the experiences I went through, there’s one in particular that is the single most important in my life. It was the first soccer practice I ever went to. Stepping onto the grass field off to the side of a playground and joining the other four year old prodigy’s, or so it felt, changed my life forever. My parents hyped up the idea of me playing soccer like all parents of athletes do and I thought it was completely annoying, but little did I know they were doing it on purpose so that I would build a†¦show more content†¦While the more applicable educational side has taught me that at some point in high school, most likely more than once, I’ll have multiple tests in one day and it’s inevitable. Havi ng perseverance to not give up and just not study for the tests will result in poor grades that will affect my future. Quitting nowadays just merely isn’t an option as I become older and get closer to the adult world that entails college with its intimidating demeanor. All jokes aside, I didn’t fully understand why my parents kept enrolling me on this soccer team until a few years ago when it finally dawned on me that this whole time that I’ve been having fun, it’s been inadvertently preparing me for when I join the rest of the American people and find a job that I’ll succumb to for the rest of my days. One of the most important aspect of playing soccer is easily working together as a team and solving any arising problems that I may face throughout a game or the whole season. Failing to complete this seemingly simple task will cause any team, not just a sports team, to crash and burn beyond any fix. Sometimes solving a problem is easier than other times depending on the issue and definitely the team that one is working with. This is simply because there will always be the people who believe that they are nothing short than a reincarnation of God himself and will endlessly remind people about it. Those people are honestly the worst and hardest toShow MoreRelatedMy Memories Of My Childhood Memories Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesMy earliest childhood memory is of the first time I met my mother in person when I was four. A beautiful woman whose personality seemed to glow from her. I had seen a picture of her before then I was told by Mummy Dada, my aunt, so I knew her on sight. The wo man I saw walk in the room as I watched from my grandfather’s lap seemed effervescent. She floated from person to person at the family reunion like an angel. My mother is one of thirteen children my grandpa has. My brother cousin wanted to playRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood Memories864 Words   |  4 PagesMany of my fondest childhood memories involved a stuffed lamb doll and one of my grandfather s old stethoscopes. Ever the precocious seven-year-old, I would often stand beside my grandfather while he examined his patients. Watching him carefully, I mimicked his every move, an act that rarely failed to pull a laugh out of even the sickest of patients. Even in these moments of childhood play, though, I noticed the sheer joy and relief that his healing hands had the capacity to bring to the sufferingRead MoreMy Memories : My Childhood Memories1999 Words   |  8 PagesI will be comparing my childhood and my friend A childhood memories. My childhood is full of memories. Some are good and some are bad, but generally speaking I would classify most of them as good, throughout my childhood there has been a word my parents always use to say every time I fell and hurt myself which was â€Å"you will forget when you grow up† it was true I really have forgotten. I had two young, funny, happily married parents, a lovely younger sister, and an extended family that lived closeRead MoreMy Memories : My Childhood Memories840 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we must focus to see the light. -Aristotle Onassis Many of my fondest childhood memories involved a stuffed lamb doll and one of my grandfather s old stethoscopes. As a precocious seven-year-old, I would often stand beside my grandfather while he examined his patients. Watching him carefully, I mimicked his every move, an act that rarely failed to pull a laugh out of even the sickest of patients. Even in these moments of childhood play, I noticed the sheer joy and relief that his healing handsRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood867 Words   |  4 Pagesunique to the owner. People bestow special value of some objects according to an experience, emotion or hidden message associated with them. I have a chest with treasures and so far they are my childhood, my youth and my adulthood memories of good and challenging that are most charitable to me. My childhood was fun and unforgettable, as I had lots of neighbors to play with from morning till dark. We played games outdoors and rode our bicycles happily. The undeveloped wood behind our home providedRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood959 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"I want to go back In those childhood days, not to change anything but to feel few things twice.†- M S Dhoni . The experiences of my past are undeniable. It goes without saying that my childhood was more than just a learning salient experience. Those are my greatest memories! This is an essay is not only on my childhood, but also about the lessons I have learned throughout my childhood, It was an unforgettable experience of fear, shame, pain, loss, freedom, forgiveness, happiness, kindness, emotionsRead MoreChildhood Memories Of My Childhood1046 Words   |  5 PagesSome of my fondest childhood memories are of camping trips my parents would take me on starting at a very young age. These memories consist of walking a dark forest trail in the middle of the night, black bags hanging from the hands of all the young children with hopes of catching the mysterious snipe that had been roaming the woods, gathering around warm fires on cool nights with people you barely know and h earing out their past adventures, hoping to one day to take their place with adventurousRead MoreMemories Of My Childhood829 Words   |  4 PagesMy memory of my childhood is fuzzy at best, probably like most people. There are many important events in my early life I cannot remember, like the events of September 11, 2001, or the first day of kindergarten. I also do not remember much of my musical life prior to middle school. My family was not a musical family. We did not constantly play music in our house, if we ever really did. Nor did my parents very often put on albums that they loved from their younger years. Music mostly seemed cosignedRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood1109 Words   |  5 PagesLooking back at my childhood, I suppose you could say it was pretty difficult. Even at my happiest, I was living with a foster family, separated from the rest of my biological relatives. However, I couldn’t complain. I loved them like they were my family that I spent my whole life with. I was a five-year-old boy living a happy life. I had grown attached to the family, feeling like I was truly a part of it. Then one cold November day it all changed. A woman dressed in black came to my home I had grownRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood908 Words   |  4 PagesI remember my childhood as if it were yesterday. Nothing was better than my closest friends. We Hanged out, fished, climbed the mango trees in the garden, Card games, board games, and even teased the innocent grocery store keeper. I didn t want any new friends; I had no idea what the world had to offer. Life was a simple clichà © routine. I invented a circle and trapped myself inside it. I made my own world and lived within it. I ultimately enjoyed every aspect of my childhood. Eventually, a lesson

Business and Consumer Law - 17552 Words

Business and Consumer Law Final Exam Notes Chapter 5: An Introduction to Contracts Contract Law: A deliberate and complete agreement between two or more competent persons in writing supported by mutual consideration, to perform an act. It is enforceable in court. Agreement: composed of an offer to enter into a contract and acceptance of the contract. Complete: the agreement must be certain. Deliberate: both parties must want to enter into a contractual relationship. Voluntary: The agreement must be freely chosen, and not manipulated. Between Two or more Competent persons: Parties that enter into the contract must have legal capacity – that is they can sue and be sued. Suppoted by mutual consideration: Each party must give something of†¦show more content†¦renting a car) A fundamental rule is that a contract is formed only when a complete offer is unconditionally accepted by the other side -if the purported offer is sufficiently comprehensive that it can be accepted without further elaboration or clarification, it is an offer in law Offeror is the person who makes an offer and offeree is the person whom an offer is made to Termination of an Offer Revocation: the withdrawal of an offer An offer is only enforceable if some form of payment has been made for it Option agreement: agreement where, in exchange for payment, an offeror is obligated to keep an offer open for a specified time (often found in real estate developments) Lapse: The expiration of an offer after a specified or reasonable period Rejection: The refusal to accept an offer Counteroffer: the rejection of one offer and proposal of another Acceptance Acceptance: AnShow MoreRelatedThe Law Is A Body Of Principles1239 Words   |  5 PagesLAW The law is a body of principles established by parliament (ie. by our representatives) and by the courts. Hence, law is made by us (the men and women who are in parliament and judges) for us and was developed to set standards of conduct between people, businesses and government. If these standards of conduct are not followed, the law sorts the conflicts that arise, and punishes those who breach these standards of conduct. We have laws so that society can work effectively, to make sure thatRead MoreResearch Paper_Week3834 Words   |  4 Pages3-RESEARCH PAPER INTRO TO BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY July 27, 2014 The United States has several laws that are intended to further fair, balanced, and competitive business practices. Do you think that such laws are effective? If so, why? If not, why not? Be sure to provide evidence to support your position one way or the other. There are several laws in the United States that are chosen to be fair, balances, and competitive for businesses. With the control measures, the laws has been effective to ensureRead MoreAustralian Is The Land The Rules And Regulations1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves thus they have their own laws that maybe different from other states. The Australian government, state and territory government legislation exists to protect businesses, consumers, individuals, the environment and the community. This enables a conducive environment for business to flourish as well as to promote fair-trading and competition. One would ask why should governments spend enough time putting place such regulations. This is because without laws to govern how businesses operate andRead MoreP5: Explain the Characteristics of the Local Business Environment1276 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics of the local business environment In this task, I have been asking explain the characteristic of local business environment. I will relate it into the following * Markets * Sector and industry changes * Economic trends * Legal Framework * Markets * Sector and industry changes * Economic Trends * Legal Framework The legal frameworks are all laws and regulation that are made by the government; those laws are made to be respectedRead MoreLaw, Consumer Protection Act And Competition Law1436 Words   |  6 PagesLaw is the system of rules, which is recognized in a particular country as a regulating factor for its members and it can be enforced by imposing penalties on those who break the law. In United Kingdom (UK), the way a business operates can be controlled through legislation, that is, laws can be imposed on businesses by United Kingdom courts and government. Therefore, the three main areas of legislation by which the law affects business in the United Kingdom are through employment law, consumer protectionRead MoreThe Law And Its Effect On Society1321 Words   |  6 PagesLAW The law is are principles established by parliament (ie. by our representatives) and by the courts. Hence, law is made by people for society and was developed to set standards of conduct between people, businesses and government. If these standards of behaviour and rules are not followed, the law manages the conflicts that arise, and punishes those who breach these standards of conduct. We have laws so that society can work effectively, to make sure that people or organisations are not ableRead MoreDiscuss the extent to which Consumer Law achieves its objectives751 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the extent to which Consumer law achieves its objectives. The most efficient way for consumers to get what they want is through the ‘market’, not the government, but businesses have more power than their customers. Some businesses can and will use abuse this power and cheat and steal from consumers to make money. Because of this, the government regulates the behaviour of businesses to have a market economy that functions properly. These laws mainly protect consumers against; misleading/deceptiveRead MoreAdvertising through Social Media1224 Words   |  5 Pagesare looking for more proficient ways to advertise and sell their goods to consumers. Since the internet and social media have taken off in popularity, consumers are noticing that social media can lead them to better sources for purchasing goods. Just as consumers are realizing the importance of social media, businesses have turned to using social media as a filter to reach their business and marketing goals. As the business environment changes, businesses are focusing on legal astuteness, alternativeRead MoreEmerging Trends of E-Commerce1054 Words   |  4 Pagesand information than anything. Electronic commerce or e-commerce is an important facet in this regard. E-commerce brings forth a tougher business competition, creation of new marketplaces, faster speed of transactions, and rapid growth in technologies. E-commerce can be generally understood as a terminology to denote a system or a method of conducting business through electronic media rather than through conventional physical means. E-commerce is defined as, â€Å"the use of electronic transmission mediumRead MoreThe Law Of Unfair Terms Of Consumer Contracts1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe law of unfair terms in consumer contracts have experienced changes over the years, the most significant of which was the Consumer Rights Act which came into effect on October 1st 2015. However, before the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (CRA 2015), unfair terms in consumer contracts were covered under two pieces of legislation; the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977(UCTA 1977) and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 (UTCCR 1999) . The UCTA 1977 and UTCCR 1999 provided liability for

Multicultural Psychology Free Essays

Multicultural Psychology Multicultural Psychology Multicultural psychology is the study of human behavior and mental processes through multiple cultures. The focus of this field of psychology incorporates theories on culture-specific issues and behaviors. Study models can be used as comparisons in understanding ethnic identity in viewing similarities and differences of the structure of the culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Multicultural Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now In recent years, the original concept of one size fits all psychology has changed to include multicultural psychology that focuses on specific cultures and uniqueness within the culture. The study focuses on how a culture varies from other cultures to how they are similar. â€Å"It is apparent that the â€Å"old rules† in psychology have moved away from monoculture to a multicultural premise and that these â€Å"new rules† recognize both an appreciation of differences as well as an understanding of the inherent ambiguity and complexity in psychological practice† ( Pack-Brown Williams, 2003). Defining Multicultural Psychology Multicultural psychology can be defined as â€Å"the systematic study of behavior, cognition, and affect in settings where people of different backgrounds interact† (McGraw-Hill, 2009). The focus on multiculturalism started in the 1960s as minority issues became more prevalent in society, especially in the Anglo dominated countries such as North America. Multicultural was primarily defined in association to race or ethnicity. The focus has broadened to include age, gender, religion, sexual preferences, and social class. Much of the focus on multicultural issues was directed toward issues in society regarding equality; many were caused and generated by political biases, programs, and policies. Nagayama Hall (2010) stated, â€Å"Multicultural psychology is the study of the influences of multiple cultures in a single social context on human behavior† (p. 8). Brief History of Multicultural Psychology The study on human behavior labeled as psychology, has been traced back as far as the Greeks and into the medieval period of history, studing language, human behavior, and various human traits. In the early 1800s Darwin’s theory focused on an explanation of the evolution of humans and focused on the transformation of mankind. Throughout time numerous psychologists such as Freud, Kant, Mach, Hegel and Galton, to name a few, focused their studies on human behavior. The focus of these early psychologists’ studies relied primarily on a monoculture focus of human behavior. Cultural diversity has been overlooked for centuries and only in the past two decades has a stronger focus begun on how cultures vary from each other in their influences on human behavior currently are incorporating cultural trends. â€Å"During the 1980s, the percentage rate of articles in psychology on people of color remained at 3%. There was a percentage increase in the 1990s but the percentage rate has remained at about 4. 5% throughout the 2000s† (Nagayama-Hall, 2010). Opinions on the reason for such low percentages primarily focus on the lack of cultural (diverse) backgrounds of the psychologists. In 2002, the American Psychological Association Council approved and released a document of guidelines titled â€Å"Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists† (APA, 2002, p. 1). This document has provided a guideline for psychologists to refer to as the concepts of multicultural psychology continues to evolve and emerge into a specialized area of study in psychology. With APA guidelines in place more focus on the variety of cultures and the similarities and differences within cultural groups will create awareness of cultural diversity and increase educational efforts targeted toward a greater understanding of various ethnic groups. Rationale for the Establishment of a Subspecialty for Multicultural Psychology Although ethnic diversity is growing in North America and in many other countries there is also needs to have a growth in psychologists trained on multicultural issues to expand the focus to a broader spectrum of study. The need to encourage and recruit individuals with diverse ethnic backgrounds into the field of psychology has become crucial and providing educational opportunities to support the development of the field of multicultural psychology needs to continue to support the future of psychology. Many business organizations are expanding their focus to international levels that will increase a new level of human resources issues that will need to be considered and developed. With the development of international business along with cultural influences continuing to grow in the United States more multicultural research studies will be needed and the results recorded and published to maintain successful on various levels. Greater understandings of the variance in cultures need to be created and known by business professionals expanding their businesses abroad. The needs for multicultural professionals are growing and psychological research will be vital on many levels. For example, many businesses are required through the guidelines instituted by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to recruit a specific percentage of individuals from different ethnic backgrounds. The EEOC has placed guidelines when hiring and firing individuals and serves as a protection agency for possible issues and concerns of discrimination because of diversity or ethnic differences. â€Å"The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information† (2010, EEOC). Through an improved focus on multicultural psychology, stronger guidelines can be set in place for education, the workforce, institutions . and society all that involve the interaction of a multitude of multicultural environmental backgrounds. Nagayama Hall (2010) stated â€Å"Rather than ignoring, neglecting, or reacting to cultural diversity, as has been the tradition of mainstream psychology, multicultural psychology is proactive and is helping to shape the discourse on race, ethnicity, and culture† (p. 19). Now is the time to grow diversity and eliminate the â€Å"cookie cutter† approach to the field of psychology. With the growing number of ethnic groups from so many countries, the make-up of society is constantly changing. Schools, businesses and entire neighborhoods are continuously changing as more ethnic groups integrate into these areas. The guidelines set forth by the APA provide psychologists strategies to work with society to educate and remove barriers that can come from the unfamiliar and lack of understanding of those individuals from different cultural backgrounds and ethnicities. The concept of monoculture in psychology must be eliminated and replaced with an active focus on multicultural issues in psychology to continue to evolve within society on a personal and professional level. References About the EEOC: Overview. (2010). U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved on April 2010, from http://www. eeoc. gov/eeoc/index. fm Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists. American Psychological Association. (2002) Retrieved on April 14, 2010 from http://www. apapracticecentral. org/ce/guidelines/multicultural. pdf Nagayama Hall, G. C. (2010). Multicultural Psychology (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Pack-Brown, S. Williams, C. Ethics is a multicultural context. (2003). Psych Board. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications What Is Multicultural Psychology? (2009) Retrieved April 14, 2010, from http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/dl/free/007338271x/591940/Chapter1. pdf How to cite Multicultural Psychology, Papers

When the Leeves Broke free essay sample

It is nearly impossible to imagine that one day you can be safe in your home and with all of your belongings and the next day a hurricane leaves you with nothing. Unfortunately, the 484,000 people who lived in New Orleans had to experience those unimaginable thoughts first hand in 2005 due to Hurricane Katrina. â€Å"An entire city was nearly wiped off the face of the earth† (Kellogg) and at least 1,833 people were killed during and after the storm. There are many theories and conspiracies of what happened with the levees and what could have been done better in order to help the residents of New Orleans. Director Spike Lee felt very strongly about the issue and decided to make a documentary in order to give the people of New Orleans justice. By directing When the Levees Broke, Spike Lee gives the audience his personal view on the entire situation dealing with Hurricane Katrina and her aftermath. With his use of video editing and choice of certain interviews, Lee gave not only emotional credibility to his movie but also a logical point of view. The main argument of the documentary was to explain the series of events that occurred during and following the storm, while also getting the inside point of views of some of the Hurricane Katrina victims. Another argument Spike Lee was trying to make Cruz 2 was that there was a lot more to the disaster than just the storm. I do believe that Lee did a good job in getting his point across in his documentary but I do not believe it was a very strong argument. The argument is not very convincing because not everyone’s view was included in the film. It seems that Spike Lee was very biased while making the documentary and had no problem with expressing it in his film. Though I do somewhat agree with Lee’s point of view, I do not believe that it was a very well rounded argument. In his documentary, Lee confronts the underlying problems that occurred at the time of the hurricane such as racial, cultural and political issues. By adding so much information about what was actually occurring during Hurricane Katrina in his film, Lee made a very well put together documentary. Lee’s purpose of making the film was to give the victims their chance to speak out and to show â€Å"how the poor and underprivileged of New Orleans were mistreated in this grand calamity and still ignored today† (Chisholm). Lee is a very passionate and outspoken man and he conveyed his message in a way where the victims had the upper hand and could speak on the real issues. Had Spike Lee not been so biased, I think both his argument and documentary could have been excellent. Spike Lee used the Aristotelian appeal of pathos the most throughout his documentary in order to catch the audience’s attention. The way he incorporates certain cultural music and photos of the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina make the audience more inclined to pay attention. The collection of photographs Lee features in his film not only let us see what was happening during Hurricane Katrina, they also â€Å"add texture and even further weight to these stories† (Kellogg). He does this on purpose in order to make the audience feel sympathy towards all the people who were interviewed as well as those Cruz 3 who passed away due to Hurricane Katrina. The best way Lee kept the attention of the audience was by â€Å"allowing the people who lived through the disaster to tell their stories† (Kellogg). The viewer is more likely to pay attention if they are stimulated emotionally and that is what Spike Lee aimed for. He also shows the audience how the â€Å"evacuation process separated parents from children as people were loaded onto buses,† by doing this, the audience gets a more in depth view of the disaster and is more likely to feel sad and watch the documentary more. The underlying issue that Lee was trying to explain to the audience was that â€Å"the storm was damaging by itself, but that was not the true disaster† (Chisholm). Some critics do not believe that Spike Lee was meant to make this film because he did not capture everyone’s point of view. This film is supposed to be about just the victims opinion on what they thought about the situation dealing with the government and Hurricane Katrina. I think he was well fit for the job because Lee’s â€Å"films have looked unflinchingly at some of the most polarizing subjects† (Jacobs) nd it was no shock that he made this documentary about Hurricane Katrina. There were many criticisms about the documentary such as; it did not necessarily discuss all of the people of New Orleans and it gave us a bad view of the government. Lee had his own conspiracy on how the levees were blown up as opposed to just being ruined by the hurricane. Lee’s film was also criticized beca use it â€Å"suggested that the explosion assured that the poor neighborhoods be damaged and not the rich developments further down† (Jacobs) and that did not take well with the conservative circles. Another reason his documentary was Cruz 4 faulty was because it had a very biased standpoint and â€Å"Mr. Lee’s documentary boils with anger and a degree of paranoia† (Holden). The three main topics this documentary touched on were those such as politics, cultural issues and racial issues. There were many complaints within the movie about the government from the victims of Hurricane Katrina. The people of New Orleans were outraged by the â€Å"tardy response of the Bush administration to the crisis† (Jacobs). A large portion of the documentary focused on the lack of help from the government, it explained how a few government officials took longer than normal to help with the disaster in New Orleans. The fact that bodies were still being found after F. E. M. A supposedly searched all the houses was a big concern for the people. F. E. M. A had not been giving the victims the proper care they needed for the amount of time that they had left and that was a very high concern to the people who desperately needed help from F. E. M. A. George Bush and Dick Chaney were also spoken upon in a bad manner as well because they had more important things to do rather than help the dying people of their own country. Just like most of his other films, Spike Lee made his documentary mostly about race. At one point in the movie it explains how the disaster started the â€Å"racist, vigilante atmosphere which gave cops and soldiers carte blanche to shoot on sight ‘looters’† (Onesto) and how they were not afraid to follow through with orders. The majority of the people Lee interviewed were poor and black and were treated very poorly. In this film, Lee insinuates that the victims are being treated like slaves and separated from their families. He expresses â€Å"the truth of how the institutions of white supremacy and the ideas of racism are woven into the very workings of this system of U. S. capitalism† (Onesto). Culture is a big deal in Cruz 5 New Orleans; the people consider their culture the most important and valuable thing to them. A very large part of the New Orleans culture is Mardi Gras and it was a concern of the people whether they should or should not have the celebration the following year after Hurricane Katrina. Mardi Gras is an annual celebration and even the hurricane could not completely bring the residents of New Orleans down. Spike Lee wanted to show that even though the city looked bad, the people of New Orleans still had their high spirits. All the controversy involving New Orleans such as race, politics and culture lured Spike Lee to make a documentary about the hurricane. Based off his previous films Lee was fit to make this film and did a good job in conveying his message. With this use of enhanced photography and video editing Lee was able to make an informative yet captivating film that showed the other side of the story. In his documentary, we can finally â€Å"put human faces on the devastation† (Jacobs) and realize that these people were once like us in their homes. His film not only allows us to see what occurred in August of 2006, but it lets us hear the individual stories and realize what we were not told by the government. The documentary gives us the victims view of the disaster and it makes the viewer more aware of the devastation that the people of New Orleans had to face. By making this documentary, Lee not only helped explain the troubles of the victims of Hurricane Katrina but he also let the people come out and express how they felt during the evacuation and rebuilding process.

Observing Stars Essays - Electromagnetic Radiation,

Observing Stars Observing Stars Our view of the sky at night is possible because of the emission and reflection of light. 'Light' is the better-known term for the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes waves in the visible, ultra-violet, infra-red, microwave, radio, X-ray and gamma-ray regions. The scale of the spectrum is so large that no region is distinct, several overlap each other. Each of these regions in the electromagnetic spectrum represent transverse waves, travelling as electrical and magnetic fields which interact perpendicularly to each other, with different ranges of wavelength. The magnetic field oscillates vertically and the electric field horizontally, and each field induces the other. By the end of the nineteenth century, Maxwell gave a realistic value for c, the speed of light: c = __1__ = 3 x 108 ms-1 ?(mo eo) The relationship between the speed of all electromagnetic radiation, wavelength (l) and frequency (f) is shown to be c = l f. Because the Universe is so vast, interstellar distances are so great that light emitted can take upwards of millions of years to reach us. Such large distances are often measured in ?light-years'; one light-year (ly) is the distance travelled by a wave of light in a year. Because of the massive speed of light and distances, the light arriving at us would have left the object many years ago, so that looking at a far away star is much like looking back in time. Scientific observation of the stars is difficult because of the distorting effect of the Earth's atmosphere. One problem is atmospheric refraction-where light is bent. Turbulent air currents cause varying refractive indices, as there is no uniform air density. This causes an effect called scintillation, where stars appear to twinkle. The effect on regions of the electromagnetic spectrum other than the visible part, such as the absorption of certain frequencies by atmospheric chemicals, and the reflection of waves by charged molecules in the ionosphere, means that some spectral data is simply invisible to us on Earth. The Earth receives electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths from all directions in space, but most of the electromagnetic spectrum is blocked out by the atmosphere well above the Earth's surface, where our eyes and instruments are mostly based. However, wavelengths from only two regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are able to penetrate the atmosphere. These two spectral windows in the atmosphere through which we can observe the Universe are called the optical window-which allows the visible wavelength region through; and the radio window-which includes the wavelength region from about 1 mm to 30 m. The telescopes used by astronomers on the ground are therefore classed as optical and radio telescopes. Optical telescopes work by either reflecting or refracting light, using lenses or curved mirrors to focus the light from a subject to form an image. Radio telescopes consist of a parabolic reflector and receiver on which the waves are focused. The gathering and resolving power de pend on the diameter of the antenna. Radio observations are unaffected by the weather or time of day, and because of the larger wavelength of radio waves, dust in space and atmospheric convection currents are not a problem. Radio astronomy is used in the chemical analysis of elements (by emission and absorption spectra); to detect the motion of bodies due to the Doppler effect; and in investigation into the early Universe and the Big Bang. We can analyse radio waves from the centres of galaxies, including our own. Despite the radio window, there are still wavelengths that do not penetrate the atmosphere. Some radio waves are reflected from the ionosphere, part of the thermosphere, where streams of charged particles from the sun ionise gas molecules: this is photo-ionisation. Ultra-violet radiation, X-rays and gamma-rays are also absorbed at this layer. Absorption of the electromagnetic spectrum at various altitudes above Earth occurs to varying degrees. Much infra-red radiation does not reach ground level because of absorption in the upper atmosphere by water, and some carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules that lie between the ground and about 15 km of altitude (the troposphere). Ozone (tri-oxygen) and di-oxygen in the stratosphere absorbs much of the ultra-violet radiation (hence the ?ozone layer' at about 30km). A side effect of the ozone layer is that molecules re-radiate

Geothermal Energy †How a Power Plant Works

Geothermal Energy – How a Power Plant Works Free Online Research Papers Generating electricity through the use of geothermal heat is called geothermal power. Geothermal energy is captured by tapping into sources where cooler water from the surface has seeped down into Earth’s crust. As the water goes deeper it heats up because the Earth’s center is very hot. As the water heats up it becomes hot enough to start rising to the surface. By drilling into these sources, it opens a route to the surface for the pressurized water. The geothermal power plants are built over these areas so that they can use the heated water rising to the surface. Today, there are three types of methods to utilize the heated water. All methods use the heated water drawn from the surface. The water is then forced back down into the Earth to prolong the life of the heat source. Geothermal power is generally thought of as a renewable resource. If the water wasn’t forced back down into the Earth then the source would eventually be depleted. In the â€Å"dry steam† method, where steam is rising to the surface, the rising steam simply goes directly through a turbine and then into an area where the steam is condensed back to liquid water. In the â€Å"flash steam† method, where hot water is rising to the surface, extra machinery depressurizes or â€Å"flashes† the water into steam, which is then used to drive a turbine. The last method, the â€Å"binary† method, the hot water passes through a device called a heat exchanger. The heat from the water is transferred to a liquid that usually has a lower boiling temperatu re than water. The other liquid boils at a lower temperature than water, so it is easier to convert into steam to drive the turbine. This other liquid is kept in a closed loop, so it is not lost. Geothermal power plants use the steam to drive turbines. As the steam is turning the turbine, the steam is doing work. The mechanical energy of the working steam is transferred into the rotation of the turbine. An electric generator converts the mechanical rotational energy of the turbine into electricity. The resulting electric current then runs into the power grid and is part of the electricity sent to power homes, etc. There are currently not enough geothermal power plants to provide the energy need to power a city like Las Vegas, but the plants spread across our country contribute to the powering nearly three million homes. In the process of drawing the steam or hot water to the surface, geothermal heat is lost to the surrounding material, though not in big enough amounts to heavily effect the operation. Throughout the entire process heat is lost to the air and to the materials enclosing the liquids and the steam. The turbine is not 100% efficient at capturing and transferring energy to the electricity generator. Over all, the plant may lose potential energy because the source of heat may cool. This can be a result of the cooler water that’s being injected back into the Earth. The cooler water may reduce the temperature of the source over time. But, not injecting water back into the source would lose more potential energy because the source’s supply of water would run out. So the good and bad of injecting the water back into the water may offset each other. Building and using geothermal power plants is very low impact. A few acres of land may be used, with some minor industrial looking buildings built on the area. Geothermal power plants generally do not expel pollutants into the air and they don’t dump the extracted water somewhere on the surface. Only â€Å"open† systems expel gases into the air and these include Hydrogen sulfide, trace amounts of arsenic and other minerals. Hydrogen sulfide is toxic and is recognizable by its rotten egg smell. This would be bad if it was expelled from all of our cars, but the amount is very little and is not a major concern. This is only a concern with a part of the geothermal power plants, not the plants using â€Å"closed† systems. Generally the water drawn from the Earth is injected back down to resupply the source. The water usually consists of salts and minerals that would possibly interfere with the ecosystem of the surrounding area, but the water is usually injected back down. If it’s not injected, then the water wouldn’t be harmful the environment. Geothermal power plants are very low impact compared to the other forms of power production. The plants do however, cost around $100 million dollars to build, so companies don’t usually want to invest unless it’s clear that the plant will produce enough energy to be a profit. Plants that are built can produce electricity for between 4.5 and 7.3 cents per kilowatt-hour, putting them on a level of production close to that of new conventional fossil fuel power plants. Geothermal power plants are efficient and have a low environmental impact, making them good investments in the long run. Powering the entire world with geothermal power pl ants would greatly cut down on the production of green house gases and waste products. The planet Earth has enough geothermal sources that if tapped into with advanced technologies, we really could power the world. Page Brown, Warren (1994). Alternate Sources of Energy. U.S.: Chelsea House Publishers (2007). Wikipedia:Geothermal Power. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from Wikipedia Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power Herda, D.J., Madden, M. (1991). Energy Resources:Towards a renewable future.U.S.: D.J. Herda and Margaret L. Madden. (2006). How Geothermal Energy Works. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from Union of Concerned Scientists Web site: ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/offmen-how-geothermal-energy-works.html (2006). Geothermal Power. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from ArticleWorld Web site: articleworld.org/Geothermal_power Research Papers on Geothermal Energy - How a Power Plant WorksAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMind TravelBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Hockey GameRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAW

Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Ford Motor Company - Essay Example This report will give a comprehensive analysis of the external and internal factors and aspects that has lead the company to crisis. The first part of the analysis demonstrates a summary about the company and its problems in general. From the analysis in the second part it is found that poor management and decision making is the biggest problem of Ford. Ford is also loosing the market edge on Hybrid and Small cars segment. A fish bone diagram is used to represent the various challenges that have lead to the loss of profitability for Ford. The analysis helped to arrive at the issues which are management, competition, recession and quality. Excessive family control and poor decision making are the major management issues. Similarly, competition from Japanese car makers and other small and hybrid car makers are the major competition lead issues. Low demand and rippling effects of the recession are the recessionary issues. Finally product defects and recalls following that are the qualit y issues that affected ford. The analysis had also put forward various other solutions that will help the company to come back to profitability. Huge reduction of the family’s stake in the business is among the primary solution for Ford. The later part of the report describes a detailed cost benefit analysis for arriving at the right decision for the company. Some of the alternatives solutions available for Ford are as follows: invest huge in R&D, expand the market, develop more small cars, gradually exit the stake from other auto companies, invest in strategic alliances, gradually increase the marketing expenses, emphasize the message of quality. ... Ever since its inception Ford has acquired and sold many of the big brands in the industry. Jaguar & Land Rover and Volvo are the leading ones among them. Following the crisis that hit the company and which almost lead to their failure, it has to restructure itself thoroughly. As a part of it, Ford even discontinued its Mercury brand. Ford was one of the pioneers of ‘Mass Production’ concept. Ford introduced the assembly line system in the automobile production that enabled the roll-over of large number of cars within limited time. The Model T was the first Ford model to undergo assembly line production. â€Å"When the United States became involved in World War I (April 1917), the Ford Motor Company placed its resources at the disposal of the government.† (Funding Universe, 2011) Following the retirement of Henry Ford in 1918, the company’s operations were looked after by his son Edsel Ford. Ford faced the first financial problems in 1921 when the company h ad $58 million in debt and the company had only $20 million with them to meet this. But the various strategic moves that involved sales of maximum automobile and only through cash, reduction of inventories by one third, and various other cost reduction techniques helped them to increase cash inflow. Within no time Ford raised around $87 million which gave them a surplus amount even after meeting all its debt obligations. â€Å"The vision of Ford Motors is to become the world’s leading consumer company for automotive products and services. The mission statement of Ford is to that they are a global family with a proud heritage passionately committed to providing personal mobility for people around the world.  We anticipate consumer need and deliver outstanding products and services that improve people's

Change management - ITIL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change management - ITIL - Essay Example ITIL or IT Infrastructural Library is an approach of best practices that adds value to the existing mechanisms of internal control and external exigencies like optimization of customer service and help foster vital linkages with business partners. ABC needs this approach broadly for the following reasons: ABC is a business proposition that is focused on the needs of the customers. It constantly needs to be aware of their fast transforming preferences so that it can meet their demands. ITIL would considerably contribute to meeting the challenges of customers’ changing requirements. The IT system is intrinsic part of organizational operations that not only integrates various units but also enhances it operational and administrative productivity and outcome. Thus unapproved changes within the system jeopardize the working and adversely impact on the performance of individuals who may be unaware of the changes and may lack the technical expertise to adapt to the changes without appropriate training on new system. Nutt (1990) believes that delivery of IT services is best served through flexible approach that incorporates the environmental changes and promotes development of goods and services to meet the requirements of customers. With ITIL, ABC would be constantly updated and will be able to apply innovative input to its product and services. Last but not the least important is the fact that ITIL would provide wide scope of improved performance at all levels of managerial and operational efficiency delivered by IT system throughout its lifecycle (Stainberg,

Look at the Picture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Look at the Picture - Essay Example Possibly he and his partner, camera person, have taken a trip into the wild and have finally come to a point where they feel they need to capture the moment of their achievement. Again this does not fully explains why the boy holds a stack of stones in the picture. Why is the boy holding a bunch of stones with such pride as if he is holding a trophy? It could be that he has reached a place of significance, and the stones are from its rubbles. It could be a historical building which they have discovered. But if that were the case why have the boy and his partner taken a photograph of the stones and not of the building itself? This possibility could not be so. Perhaps it is not an old building but rather an old tree against which the boy is standing. The multiple layers of roots in the picture indicate that the place where the boy is standing is under a tree root or a trough of dirt. Maybe the boy is proud to have discovered an ancient tree which is about to collapse, and he wants to c apture the moment of discovery. The stones are merely mementos of the place, and he is proud of having discovered this minor but significant

Should Turkey be allowed to join the European Union?

Should Turkey be allowed to join the European Union? Executive Summary The membership of Turkey is one of the most controversial external relations issues of the European Union (EU).   Turkey is an important trading partner for the EU and provides many economic advantages to the union.   Additionally, it has a strategic location, allowing it to play an important regional and foreign policy role.   However, there are issues related to Turkey’s accession, such as large migration flows to more economically developed EU-15 countries as well as a substandard human rights situation within the country (Gerhards and Hans, 2011: 751).   Overall, this policy note recommends that Turkey should be allowed to join the EU on the basis of EU economic development and foreign policy advantages.   Despite the issues related to accession of Turkey into the EU, this paper argues that EU-membership will work as a catalyst for Turkish institutional reforms. Introduction Turkish entry into the European Union is a highly contentious issue.   Turkey has progressed on the way to EU membership in spite of persistent and increasing divergence of membership preferences (Schimmelfennig, 2009: 413-415).   Turkey, with its large, dynamic economy, is an important trading partner for the EU, it also has a strategic location, including on energy security, and plays an important regional role. Equally, the EU remains an important anchor for Turkey’s economic and political reform (Progress Report, 2013: 1).   This paper will first provide an analysis and outline of the different factors relating to the accession of Turkey into the EU.   It will explore economic factors, cultural factors and political factors.   Finally, this paper will recommend that Turkey should be allowed to join the EU due to its positive affect on EU economic development, as well as the fact that Turkey has made good progress in meeting a lot of the Accession criteria set out in the Copenhagen agreement.   This paper will also make recommendations on what Turkey must do in order to fully meet EU standards for accession. Context Turkey first became affiliated with the EU in 1963 after signing an associate membership agreement with the then European Community.   The decisions to give Turkey a membership perspective and to open accession negotiations have been highly controversial among member state governments and have tended to produce long and conflictive negotiations as well as uneasy compromises (Schimmelfennig, 2009: 414).   A major breakthrough came at the Helsinki meeting of the European Council in 1999, when Turkey attained status as a candidate for membership. It now has a so-called Accession Partnership with the EU, which means that the EU is working together with Turkey to enable it to adopt the acquis communautaire, which is the legal framework of the EU (Togan, 2004: 1013). The Copenhagen Criteria cover a state’s ability to take on the acquis communautaire, the economic criteria for a functional market economy, and above all, ‘stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities’ (Schimmelfennig, 2009: 420).   Overall, Turkey has made significant efforts to fulfil requested accession criteria through socio-economic and cultural convergence with EU Member States. Analysis Economic Factors Many studies have shown that economic factors play a significant role in shaping attitudes towards different aspects of European integration. Turkey’s progress on meeting the requirements of the Copenhagen Criteria is confirmed by socioeconomic indicators that describe the level of modernization of the country (Alber, 2007).   Turkey is the 17th largest economy globally, and the most current EU progress report states that Turkey has sufficient macroeconomic stability and the medium-term capability for integration into the single European market (Gerhards and Hans, 2011: 744).   Turkey is a large and fast expanding market, it is the largest market in the Middle East, Balkans and Caucasus. According to the World Bank, Turkish GDP is as large as 80 per cent of Russian GDP (Togan, 2004: 1043).   Turkey, located at the crossroads between Europe, Eurasia and the Middle East, has the potential to act as a major link between these markets.   With harmonization of commercial legislation, EU companies will be able to use Turkey as a joint investment and export base for the Middle East and Eurasia.   Moreover, Istanbul is emerging as transnational corporations’ headquarters for operations in the Caucasus and Central Asia. The EU will derive potential gains from increased trade in the region (Togan, 2004: 1043-1044). Overall, the Progress Report on Turkey’s EU Accession (2013: 4) states that Turkey is a functioning market economy, and should therefore be able to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union in the medium term.   Additionally, with Turkish accession current members will derive welfare gains from standard comparative advantage sources and also from growth effects of integration. This report argues that accession of Turkey to the EU will bring economic benefits for Turkey as well as to the EU itself.   The largest economic gains can be obtained through reforms of national institutions in Turkey that improve the functioning of the public sector and provide transparency to investors and traders (Lejour and Mooij, 2005: 117).   Integration will remove the distortions in the price system, boosting the allocative efï ¬ ciency in the economy, which in turn will make the country a better place to invest.   Furthermore, with accession Turkey will be eligible for EU structural funds. The increase in infrastructural investments will contribute to economic growth in Turkey. In addition, Turkey will reap beneï ¬ ts from monetary integration, and ï ¬ nally, Turkey will beneï ¬ t from migration of Turkish labour to the EU (Togan, 2004: 1042). The key theoretical constructs investigated to explain opposition to Turkey’s EU membership are related to rational economic self-interest and group-level interests and concerns (McClaren, 2007: 251).   Turkey is relatively poor and agricultural, it can therefore be argued that Turkish membership is likely to increase the divergence of living standards in the EU, create a high potential for labour migration and instigate demand for high net payments from the structural and agricultural funds.   Welfare gains that will be derived by Turkey from integration will have a price. The price will be the adjustment costs associated with the attainment of macroeconomic stability, adoption of CAP, liberalization of services and network industries, and complying with EU environmental directives (Togan, 2004: 1042). Migration/Cultural Factors In addition to direct fiscal implications, EU member states are subject to another possible economic consequence of Turkish accession, immigration.   Hostility to Turkey’s candidacy can be explained by the threatening context of Turkish migration (McClaren, 2007: 251).   It can be argued that migration flows could have negative economic consequences, such as increased competition in particular segments of the labour market.   In particular, countries in the more economically developed EU-15 are likely to be affected to the highest degree (Gerhards and Hans, 2011: 751), moreover it will likely take decades before Turkey attains an income level comparable to these countries.   This will continue to be a strong incentive for migration from Turkey to other EU countries, EU-15 countries fear that the immigrants will ‘depress wages, boost unemployment and cause social friction and political upheavals’ (Togan, 2004: 1031-1032). However, one assumption in the analysis of Turkish migration is that all labour is homogenous.   In reality labour is highly differentiated according to many factors, which results in the effects of migration for income distribution and social welfare becoming less clear-cut.   The empirical research on the economic effects of immigration indicates fairly small and on the whole positive effects.   ‘Employment opportunities are not affected much, the wage of low skilled labour is depressed somewhat but that of skilled labour is raised, and the net present value of public transfers is positive’ (Togan, 2004: 1043).   Therefore, this paper argues that with appropriate measures, immigration is not necessarily a negative consequence of Turkey’s accession into the EU. It is not just the threat to resources presented by Turks that affects feelings about the Turkish candidacy, threats to culture and way of life are likely to be particularly strong in the Turkish case (Ivarsflaten, 2005).   In addition to the possible problem of being perceived as traditional or backward, Turkey faces the potential difficulty of being predominantly Muslim (McClaren, 2007: 258).   The recent drawbacks in the negotiations of the EU with Croatia, Serbia, and Turkey have been caused by issues of national identity related to legacies of ethnic conflict that are likely to create high political costs to the target governments. As a result, whereas consistency has remained high, effectiveness is reduced (Schimmelfennig, 2004: 918).   Nevertheless, sociostructural differences between Turkey and the EU Member States have been shrinking.   The percentage of the Turkish population working in agriculture has sunk, education levels have risen and the overall standard of living has increased (Gerhards and Hans, 2011: 744). The commission critiques Turkey on its human rights situation, on its limited freedom of speech and on its lack of gender equality.   However, according to the Freedom House Index, Turkey has improved consistently in its level of democratization, political freedom and civil liberties over recent years (Gerhards and Hans, 2011: 744).   Overall, these improvements represent measurable developments regarding Turkey’s convergence with the EU and its fulfilment of EU accession criteria.   Additionally, Freedom in the Press has improved, however, it still has a long way to go in order to reach the levels of freedom held by EU-15 countries.   Key provisions of the Turkish legal framework and their interpretation by members of the judiciary continue to hamper freedom of expression, including freedom of the media (Progress Report, 2013: 2). Foreign Policy The commission emphasized Turkey’s increasingly important foreign policy significance for Europe, for example its intermediary role between Syria and Israel, its diplomatic approaches with Armenia, and above all, its role in the military conflict between Russia and Georgia (Schmid, 2008).   Turkey has continued to play an important role in its wider neighbourhood, for example expanding its activities as a non-traditional donor in the Horn of Africa, supporting democratic transition in North Africa, and enhancing cooperation with and between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It has played a particularly important role on Syria, supporting the development of a more unified opposition and providing vital humanitarian assistance to large numbers of Syrians fleeing their country (Progress Report, 2013: 3).   This suggests Turkey is meeting criteria of the Copenhagen Agreement such as the rule of law and the respect for and protection of minorities.   According to the Commission (2008b), expansion in general and Turkish membership specifically would strengthen the EU’s foreign policy weight in the world.   Furthermore, Turkey’s geographic location makes it well-suited as a transit country for oil and natural gas and it could therefore play a strategic role in securing the EU’s energy supply (Gerhards and Hans, 2011: 744).   Turkish membership could help to secure stability and security in the Balkans and Caucasus. The EU could then increase its energy security and also decrease its defence expenditures (Togan, 2004: 1043-1044).   This paper argues that this is indication that Turkey should be allowed to join the EU. Recommendations In order to maintain its impact on political reform under the conditions of political unrest, the EU will need to reassure applicant governments of the credibility of its commitment to enlargement and move negotiations with Turkey closer to the endgame.   Creating uncertainty about admission even after full compliance destroys this credibility and will reduce the effectiveness of conditionality even further (schimmelfennig, 2008: 933).   Overall, this policy note recommends that Turkey should be allowed to join the EU on the basis of EU economic development and foreign policy advantages provided it agrees to make continued efforts in the realm of human rights.   The issues with regards to human rights in Turkey underline the importance for the EU to enhance its engagement with Turkey.   This paper recommends that the overall legal framework and practice on the intervention of law enforcement officers should be brought in line with European standards to guarantee under all circumstances the right to freedom of assembly.   Additionally, an ECHR-compatible legal framework has yet to be established on matters of faith and conscientious objection.   Substantial efforts are needed to effectively guarantee the rights of women, children and LGBT individuals (Progress Report, 2013: 2).   These shortcomings need to be addressed in order for Turkey to be a successful member of the EU. In regards to immigration associated with the accession of Turkey to the EU, this paper recommends that government leaders will need to adopt measures to allay fears among EU citizens, perhaps including provision for a waiting period on the free movement of labour provision (McClaren, 2007: 274, Gerhards and Hans, 2011: 763). In conclusion, this report argues that EU-membership will work as a catalyst for Turkish institutional reforms.   Turkey has made progress towards meeting a good amount of the accession criteria, and by becoming a member of the EU, Turkey has to conform to all EU legislation and enforcement by the European Court of Justice.   Furthemore, via the method of open coordination, Turkey will regularly be assessed by the European Commission and other member countries on its economic policies.   EU membership can thus trigger institutional reform in Turkey and reduce widespread corruption (Lejour and de Mooij, 2005: 101).   Bibliography Alber, J. (2007) ‘Where Turkey Stands in Europa and why it Should Be Admitted to the EU’. Discussion Paper SP I 2007-205, Social Science Research Center. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6628025.pdf Accessed 11 Nov 2016. Commission of the European Communities (2008b) ‘Enlargement strategy and main challenges 2008–2009. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament’. COM. Pp. 1-66. http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/press_corner/keydocuments/reports_nov_2008/strategy_paper_incl_country_conclu_en.pdf Accessed 7 Nov 2016. European Commission working document (2013) – ‘Turkey 2013 Progress Report’. http://vle.exeter.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/724824/mod_resource/content/1/European%20Commission%20working%20document%20-%20progress%20on%20Turkeys%20EU%20accession%202013.pdf Accessed 2 Nov 2016. Gerhards, J. and Hans, S. (2011) ‘Why not Turkey? Attitudes towards Turkish Membership in the EU among Citizens in 27 European Countries.’ Journal of Common Market Studies. Vol. 49 (4), pp. 741–766. http://vle.exeter.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/724823/mod_resource/content/1/j.14685965.2010.02155.x.pdf   Accessed 5 Nov 2016. Ivarsflaten, E. (2005) ‘Threatened by Diversity: Why Restrictive Asylum and Immigration Policies Appeal to Western Europeans’. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. Vol.15(1), pp. 21–45. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13689880500064577 Accessed 8 Nov 2016. Lejour, A. M. and de Mooij, R. A. (2005) ‘Turkish Delight: Does Turkey’s Accession to the EU Bring Economic Benefits?’ Kyklos. Vol. 58 (1), pp. 87-120. http://0-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.lib.exeter.ac.uk/doi/10.1111/j.0023-5962.2005.00279.x/epdf Accessed 6 Nov 2016. McClaren, L.M. (2007) ‘Explaining opposition to Turkish membership of the EU.’ European Union Politics. Vol. 8 (2), pp. 251-278. http://vle.exeter.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/724821/mod_resource/content/1/European%20Union%20Politics-2007-McLaren-251-78.pdf Accessed 1 Nov 2016. Schimmelfennig, F. (2008) ‘EU political accession conditionality after the 2004 enlargement: consistency and effectiveness’. Journal of European Public Policy. Vol. 15 (6), pp. 918-937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760802196861 Accessed 8 Nov 2016. Schimmelfennig, F. (2009)’Entrapped again: The way to EU membership negotiations with Turkey’, International Politics. Vol. 46 (4), pp. 413-431. http://vle.exeter.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/724822/mod_resource/content/1/ip20095a.pdf Accessed 3 Nov 2016. Schmid, F. (2008) ‘Strategiepapier zur EU-Erweiterung. Brà ¼ssel lobpreist die Tà ¼rkei’. Financial Times Deutschland, 28 October. Togan, S. (2004) ‘Turkey: Toward EU Accession’, The World Economy. Vol. 27 (7),   pp. 1013–1045. http://0onlinelibrary.wiley.com.lib.exeter.ac.uk/doi/10.1111/j.03785920.2004.00641.x/abstract;jsessionid=915358403C934900F4FE9BD17D95BEE2.f02t04 Accessed 12 Nov 2016

Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attempting to make decisions is difficult when one experiences doubt in one’s mind or when one’s upbringing goes against it. In “Huck Finn'; by Mark Twain , the main character Huck has to first confront doubts and then form plans to surmount an impossibly tragic end. These efforts demonstrate that one’s upbringing and morals are sometimes insufficient to cope with the immense problems that arise along a journey, and that the decisions one must make must come from the heart. During this story Huck solves many problems by listening to his heart. Although he believes that he is doing wrong and that people and god will look down upon him, he is actually doing what is morally correct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the story Huck runs away from his friends and family to Jacksons Island. On Jacksons Island he is confronted by Jim who is a runaway slave. Jim being an African American is looked down on by society. When Huck is faced with the decision of choosing to rat on Jim or keep his secret Huck has a hard time. He knows subconsciously that Jim has done something wrong. Yet he follows his heart and decides to keep Jims secret. He says'; people would call me a low-down abolitionist and despise me for keeping mum';. Huck here shows that he isn’t only running away form home but He’s running away from everything that home stands for. This happens many times in the story. Huck starts to see Jim as a friend rather then a black man. When Huck plays the prank on Jim after the raft gets separated Huck apologized to Jim. He knew society would have never apologized to a black person. But now Huck listens to his heart not what society has taught him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times in the book Huck actually comes face to face with telling on Jim but in the end doesn’t. The first incident occurred while being faced by two men looking for a runaway slave. He was directly faced with the choice of “doing the right thing'; or turning Jim in. He decides to do the wrong thing and tells the men he’s traveling with a white man. The next time is when he writes the note to Miss Watson telling her about Jim. After thinking he says “seem to strike no places to harden me against him, but only the other kind';.